2016年12月四六级真题及答案
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考试采取"多题多卷"模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。
Section A
【题干】Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measure to be taken to encourage creation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【答案】In today's fast-changing era, the prevalence of Internet and technologies indicates an undoubted fact that creation is becoming a leading force that drives the social progress.
Creation enables a company or a nation to enhance its competitiveness and productivity. Equipped with cutting-edge technologies, for instance, a company has more chances to invent and develop new products, and thus sets off a new trend, gains popularity among the public and outshines its competitors. The same goes for a nation in the international arena. By contrast, if a company or a nation refused to embrace innovation, it would have a tendency of retaining stagnant or even being eliminated in the fierce competition. Thus, it is evident that creation is of paramount importance for the boom of a nation as well as a business.
So, what can we do to encourage creation? In my view, a nation or a company should firstly attach importance to creativity. Secondly, financial support is indispensable, such as bringing in new facilities or offering training courses to the staff. As an individual, one should never be afraid of thinking outside the box and being exposed to new ideas.
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Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Small communities, with their distinctive character-where life is stable and intensely human-are disappearing. Some have _____ (27) from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have _____ (28) changes as they have come into contact with an _____ (29) machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.
The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have _____ (30) in the modem world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization _____ (31) more successfully than others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families, with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses, in railway or bus _____ (32). Although the Amish have lived with _____ (33) America for over two and a half centuries, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.
The Amish are often _____ (34) by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modern _____ (35) and the American dream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime, for after all, they are good farmers who _____ (36) the virtues of work and thrift.
【选项】
A.accessing
B.conveniences
C.destined
D.expanding
E.industrialized
F.perceived
G.practice
H.process
I.progress
J.respective
K.survived
L.terminals
M.undergone
N.universal
O.vanished
27.
【答案】O
【解析】此处应填入谓语动词，由空格前的have可知需填入动词的过去分词。前一句讲到小社群正在消失，本句对此作进一步说明，在语义上与前一句为顺承关系，也应表示这些社群逐渐衰亡之势。故填入与disappearing近义的vanished"突然不见;消失"，表明其中一些社群已经消失了。
28.
【答案】M
【解析】根据空格前的have和空格后的名词changes，判断此处应填入及物动词的过去分词。空格所在的这个分句讲 到上述社群在接触机械文明后都发生了变化，all指代前面说的"小社群"。此处可以与changes搭配的谓语动词只有undergone"经历，经受;遭受"。
29.
【答案】D
【解析】空格位于an和machine civilization之间，故应填入以元音开头的分词、形容词或名词作machine civilization的定语。Expanding"扩大的;增加的"符合此处语境，社会的发展正是以机械化为主要特征的现代文明的逐步扩张的过程，伴随着小社群文明的逐步消失。
30.
【答案】H
【解析】空格所在句缺谓语动词，根据空格前的have和空格后的in，判断应填入不及物动词的过去分词。本句讲到早在殖民时期到达美国的老派阿米什人在现代社会中的状况。下一句讲他们在抵制同质化方面比起其他族群更成功。survived"活下来;幸存"填入后符合上下文语义，表明他们在现代社会中得以幸存。
31.
【答案】L
【解析】空格前的the homogenization和后面的比较级more successfully than others(作状语)表明此处应填入名词作宾语。下文描述了阿米什人不同于现代人的一些方面，可见阿米什人并没有在现代化进程中被改变、被同化，在很多方面依然保有自身的特点。process"过程，进程"填入后符合此处语义逻辑。
32.
【答案】L
【解析】空格所在的介词短语作状语，railway or bus这个并列结构作空格处的修饰成分，因此空格处应填入名词。
本句讲到很多美国人都会见到过阿米什人的家庭，空格所在的短句表明在哪里见过。此处符合语义逻辑的 是terminals"集散站;终点站"。
33.
【答案】E
【解析】空格在谓语live with和America之间，故应填入修饰America的形容词或分词。尽管阿米什人在美国生活了 长达两个半世纪以上，但他们的个人生活、家庭、社群和价值观并没有受到太大的影响。与原生态的阿米什人相比，美国无疑是现代化社会的典型代表，industrialized "工业化的"符合语境。
34.
【答案】F
【解析】
35.
【答案】B
【解析】
36.
【答案】G
【解析】根据空格前的引导词who和先行词good farmers可知，此处应填入动词，作定语从句的谓语。practice"实践;遵照(教义、观念等)行事"与宾语the virtues"美德"搭配合理，指他们践行着勤俭的美德。
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica
[A] On a glacier-filled island with fjords (峡湾)and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica's first Orthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile, Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India's futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stilts (桩子) using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.
[B] More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining. But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial opportunities that already exist.
[C] The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of-the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill (磷虾), found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries here.
[D] Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs from Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.
[E] Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System (GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.
[F] Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. "You can see that we're here to stay," said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.
[G] Antarctica's mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted (令人垂诞的)reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite (金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least36billion barrels of oil and natural gas.
[H] Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctica's remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger than Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.
[I] But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica's treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George Island offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.
[J] Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet's driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest-growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research, but they also acknowledge that concerns about "resource security" influence their moves.
[K] China's newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George Island makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. "We do weather monitoring here and other research," Ning Xu, 53，the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard (暴风雪)in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China's Antarctic operations since the 1980s. "We now feel equipped to grow," he said.
[L] As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere's summer, including those at the Amundsen-Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers than Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.
[M] Scholars warn that Antarctica's political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent's treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting (拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.
[N] Some countries have had a hard time here. Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough, a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile's air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.
[O] However, Brazil's stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.
[P] Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia's help, Belarus is preparing to build its first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.
[Q] "The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European, Australasian and North American states are over," said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. "The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested."
37.【题干】According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.
【答案】J
【解析】根据Chinese officials和scientific research定位至J段倒数第2句。该句中，中国官员称，南极洲的拓展作业的首要目的是科学研究。题目中的Chinese officials和scientific research均是本段中的原词复现，lay greater emphasis on"将重心更多放在"则与本段的prioritises"给优先权"表达的意思相同。
38.【题干】Efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia's obstruction.
【答案】C
【解析】根据the world's largest ocean sanctuaries和Russia's obstruction定位至C段最后一句。该句说，俄罗斯近期力阻在南极洲建立世界上其中一个最大的海洋保护区。题目中的one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries是文中的原词复现，而failed"失败"与原文的frustrated"阻止做成某事，妨碍"表达的意思相同。
39.【题干】With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America's dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.
【答案】E
【解析】根据monitoring stations、Russia、America's dominance和navigational facilities定位至E段。
该段讲到俄罗斯正筹备增建监测站，且目前它巳有至少三个监测站在南极洲运行，而这些监测站的作用就是要挑战美国GPS的主导地位。题目中的monitoring stations是文中原词复现，counter America's dominance…与原文的challenge the dominance of the American...同义，而navigational facilities则对应文中的American GPS。
40.【题干】According to geologists' estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.
【解析】根据geologists' estimates和reserves of oil and natural gas定位至G段最后一句。该句说，地质学家估计，南极洲至少有360亿桶的石油和天然气储备。题目的geologists' estimates对文中的geologists estimate that作了词性转换，oil and natural gas则是文中原词复现，而enormous则表达了文中说的36 billion barrels之巨量。
41.【题干】It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.
【答案】D
【解析】根据the richest reserves和fresh water定位至D段第1句。该句说南极洲有着地球上最大的淡 水储备库。题目的the richest reserves of fresh water on earth与文中的the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet为同义表达。
42.【题干】The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica's treaties before their expiration.
【答案】I
【解析】根据demand for energy resources、renegotiation和Antarctica's treaties定位至I段第2句。该 句说到，世界对能源如饥似渴的需求，可能会迫使各国对南极洲协议重新协商，从而可能在禁令到期之前便允许更多商业活动的进行。题目中的The demand for energy resources对应原文的the demand for resources，而 compel renegotiation of Antarctica's treaties 与文中的 raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica's treaties表达的意思相同。
43.【题干】Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.
【答案】B
【解析】根据business and strategic influence定位至B段最后一句。该句说到，南极洲上大批国家蜂拥而至，企图获取更大的影响力，着眼现有的战略机遇及商业机遇。题目的Many countries是原文an array of countries的同义表达，business and strategic influence与文中的the strategic and commercial相对应。
44.【题干】Antarctica's harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.
【答案】H
【解析】根据harsh natural conditions、exploitation和resources定位至H段。该段首先讲除了人为的开发协议外，还有一些很大的障碍阻碍资源开发(tapping these resources)G文中的动词tap指"自中获取某物"，与题目中的exploitation of..."开发，利用"意思一致。该段提到的诸如飘浮的冰山(drifting icebergs )、地处偏僻(remoteness)及低温(minus 55 degrees)等，都可以概括为题目中的harsh natural conditions "恶劣的自然环境"，故确定H段为答案。
45.【题干】With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.
【答案】Q
【解析】根据the traditional white nations定位至Q段第1句。该句中，克劳斯·道兹说到，过去，南极洲被欧洲、澳洲和北美洲那些国家来的白人操控，但这种情形已一去不返了。题目中的dominated是文中的原词复现，traditional对应原文的The old days of...，而white nations则是对white men from European, Australasian...的概括。
46.【题干】American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.
【答案】L
【解析】根据American scientists和lack of sufficient money and equipment定位至L段最后一句。该句说，美国研究人员私下抱怨资金受限，破冰船也比俄罗斯少得多，限制了美国在南极洲的探索范围 (limiting the reach of...，其中的reach指"能到达的范围")。题目中的complain是文中的原词复现，American scientists对应原文的US researchers，而lack of sufficient money与文中的budget restraints表达意思相近，equipment是对"破冰船少"的概括。
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Section C
Directions: There are2 passages in this section. Each passages followed by some questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.
But that isn't why the government-under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party-has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉剂).
Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的)duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.
So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March.
Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (叹惜) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity.
The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.
47.【题干】What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?
【选项】
A.Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.
B.It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.
C.Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.
D.It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.
【答案】D
【解析】题干中的chain smokers指"长期抽烟的人"(chain原意指"链条")与第1段首句中的veteran nicotine addict"老烟枪"对应(veteran指"老手"，尼古丁指代香烟)，故答案就在这一句。该句提到，这些人会证实，花哨的包装对他们决定是否继续抽烟没有起到任何作用(plays no role in...);接下来提到去掉香烟的纸盒包装(cartons，即题干中的packaging)不会引发大规模的戒烟运动。可见，D项"对他们是否戒烟的决定影响不大"与原文意思相符，其中的little impact与文中的plays no role对应。
48.【题干】What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?
【选项】
A.Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.
B.Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.
C.Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.
D.Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.
【答案】B
【解析】本题问英国政府在烟草包装方面同意哪些做法。第2段首句，第二个破折号后的内容即为答案，即legislate for standardised packaging"立法规范香烟包装"。A项"通过一项法规，规范卷烟包装"与此表意一致，因此正确。
49.【题干】What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?
【选项】
A.Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.
B.The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.
C.The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.
D.Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK
【答案】B
【解析】文章只在第3段倒数第2句提到Australia，该句是说在澳大利亚，简易包装这一方法在控烟之路上取得进一步的成效，其中的that road指代什么应从上一句找。上一句提到吸烟人数锐减(a fall in smoking)，故本句的pushes…further along that road应指"在减少吸烟人数上更进一步"。选项中，只有B项"吸烟者的数暈比英国下降的要多"提到关键信息"减少吸烟人数"，故正确。
50.【题干】Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?
【选项】
A.Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.
B.There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.
C.Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.
D.Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.
【答案】A
【解析】题干内容与第4段首句一致，故答案应从其后的内容中找。第4段第3句提及规范香烟包装的立法计划 在2013年暂停，之后提到大卫·卡梅伦的竞选主任Lynton Crosby之前给某公司做过代理。言下之意即该计划的搁置与卡梅伦有关。第5段倒数第2句提到了卡梅伦没有强烈的意愿去促成这件事。此外，全文最后一句暗示卡梅伦在顾及大烟草公司的利益(be hooked on the interests of...，其中hook on原意指"与……挂钩")。综合上述信息，可以确定A项"卡梅伦首相一直不愿采取行动"为答案。
51.【题干】What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?
【选项】
A.They fueled a lot of controversy.
B.They attracted a of smokers.
C.They made more British people obese.
D.They had certain ingredients missing.
【答案】C
【解析】全文只在第5段末句提及了chocolate oranges。该句讲到卡梅伦叹惜超市收银处摆放的巧克力橙子会加剧肥胖问题(chocolate oranges... fueled obesity)，fuel原意指"添加燃料，加油"，可引申为"推动，助长"。因此C项"使更多的英国人肥胖"正确，其中的obese与文中的obesity是同根词。
Passage Two
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What a waste of money! In return for an average of £44,000of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from £1,000 to £9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn't even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.
No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks(骗术)There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.
Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students pay very little-if any-of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning &21,000 a year. Almost half of graduates-those who go on to earn less-will have a portion of their debt written off. It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university; studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.
Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures(兀鹰).Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e" an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.
Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at i top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university-and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.
52.【题干】What is the author's opinion of going to university?
【选项】
A.It is worthwhile after all.
B.It is simply a waste of time.
C.It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.
D.It is too expensive for most young people.
【答案】A
【解析】本题问作者对上大学的看法，具有一定概括性。文章前两段均是对上大学的负面评价：第1段感叹上大学是浪费钱(waste of money)，付出大，回报低;第2段指出大学受到的垢病(denounce)。第3段第1句指出，尽管如此，上大学依然是值得的(Yet it still pays)。A项"终究是值得的"与其同义，故为答案。
53.【题干】Whatdoesthe author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?
【选项】
A.Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.
B.It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.
C.Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.
D.Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.
【答案】D
【解析】本题问作者对英国大学毕业生的就业状况如何评述。第1段末句指出每10个毕业生中，有6个所从事的工作并不要求大学毕业生来做，D项"他们中的大多数所从事的工作不要求大学学位"与之一致，most of them对应原文的six in ten，而don't require a college degree则对应文中的non-graduate jobs。
54.【题干】What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?
【选项】
A.Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.
B.Practical skills they will need in their future careers.
C.Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.
D.Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.
【答案】C
【解析】本题询问作者的观点，问对于大学生来说，除了课堂教育外，还有什么是重要的。第3段第4、5句指出大学里重要的不仅仅是课程和辅导，教育还包括学生在课程和研讨课之外、彼此之间相互学到的知识。注意文中的between lectures and seminars指在"课堂与课堂之间的时间，研讨课与研讨课之间的时间"，即课 后的时间。C项中的outside the classroom"课外"与此对应，因此C项"学生课堂外相互间的交流"为答案。
55.【题干】What is said to be an advantage of going to university?
【选项】
A.Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.
B.Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.
C.Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.
D.Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.
【答案】B
【解析】本题询问上大学的好处。本文第4段讲述上大学的必要性和好处。第4句指出，大学生在校园里还会遇上以后可能身居要职的人，建立起终身的联系，暗示大学生在大学中建立的这些人脉关系会对他们未来的职业生涯有好处，故B项"遇见将来对你有帮助的人"为答案。
56.【题干】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
【选项】
A.It natural for students to make complaints about university education.
B.Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.
C.University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.
D.The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions.
【答案】D
【解析】本题何从最后一段可推断出什么。最后一段第2句中的no sign of that happening暗示，在未来一段时间内，用人单位都会关注(focus)求职考上的是哪所大学(where someone went to university)，因此D项"大学的名望影响用人单位的招聘结果"为正确答案。
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Part IV Translation (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
【题干】随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，学汉语的人数迅速增加，使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语言之一。近年来，中国大 学在国际上的排名也有了明显的提高。由于中国教育的巨大进步，中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。2015年，近四十万国际学生蜂拥来到中国学习。他们学习的科目已不再限于中国语言和文化，而包括利 学与工程。在全球教育市场上，美国和英国仍占主导地位，但中国正在迅速赶上。
【答案】The number of Chinese language learners undergoes a dramatic rise as China's economy surges, which has turned Chinese into one of the most popular language among language learners across the world. In recent years, Chinese universities are moving up significantly in the world university rankings. Owing to the great advances in its educational system, China now ranks unsurprisingly as one of the most favored destinations for overseas students. In 2015, there were around 400,000 overseas students flocking to China to pursue their studies. They no longer restrict their interest to Chinese language and culture, instead, branching out into other subjects including science and engineering. Although the United States and the United Kingdom are still dominant in the global education market, China is catching up at a fast pace with them.
英语四级