※ “考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。”
PartⅠ Writing
1.【题干】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between business and teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. 150-200 words.
【答案】Without a doubt, a mutually -trusted relation between a teacher and a student is important for both learning and teaching.
First of all, knowledge is objective, but learning is relatively subjective. Only when a student believe in what his or her teacher is teaching, he or she could start to learn something from the teacher. In reality, I have seen too many students like or dislike one subject only because they like or dislike the teacher who is in charge of that subject, especially for those who are young. Secondly, when one teacher consider that one student trust him, he would feel honored and satisfied, thereby giving more attention to the student. Naturally, when one teacher pay more attention to one student, the student is prone to learn better. I was one example to illustrate that, for I did very well in physics in middle high school because my physics teacher believe that I was the most talented student who followed him.
Hence, both teachers and students should work together to form a reciprocal relation.
【解析】
【考点】
PartⅢ Reading
Section A
When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.
Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and _____(26) humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has _____(27) comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.
A lot of clever people are _____(28) about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so _____(29) that they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly _____(30): as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.
And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, _____(31) , be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one--or, if that required _____(32) intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the _____(33) user to save money and time, freeing up _____(34) space in our busy lives to read a good book.
That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest _____(35), and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.
26.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】D
【解析】根据上下文语法结构，此处必须是动词现在分词的形式，而misleading意思不对，因此选enabling, enable somebody to do something,意为“可以使某人做某事”。
27.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】A
【解析】根据上下文语法结构，在has后面的这个单词，应该是动词的过去分词形式，而exaggerated意思不对，因此选amassed, amass是“积累”之意。
28.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】N
【解析】本空所在句表明一些人对于机器人的态度，在逗号后面有fearing, 表示害怕，所以这里的意思应该和后面的意思保持一致，所以用terrified, be terrified about表示对某事有恐惧。
29.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】L
【解析】本空在so之后，应该填形容词，根据上下文的意思，是说一些人害怕机器人变得太聪明，所以只能选smart.
30.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】F
【解析】本空之后的意思主要是说人们有能力控制机器人，所以这种恐惧是“过于渲染的，夸张的”，根据本空所要填的词性和上下文意思，我们只能选择exaggerated.
31.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】E
【解析】根据上下文，本空只能填副词，而generously的意思并不符合上下文意思，所以选择eventually, 表示“终究”。
32.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】C
【解析】本空在名词intelligence之前，为形容词，而选项中其他形容词都不符合句子意思，只有emotional intelligence符合。
33.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】B
【解析】本空在名词user前，因此只能填形容词，terrified, smart, emotional已经选过，剩下的形容词casual在这里正好合适。
34.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】J
【解析】本空在space前，需要填形容词，根据上下文意思，这句话想表达的含义是“机器人可以帮忙碌的人们节省时间，为人们提供宝贵的空间”，因此选“precious”。
35.【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.amassed
B.casual
C.emotional
D.enabling
E.eventually
F.exaggerated
G.extravagant
H.generously
I.misleading
J.precious
K.reward
L.smart
M.sphere
N.terrified
O.venture
【答案】O
【解析】根据本句意思，我们欢迎埃伦马斯克的什么，这里需要填一个名词。这个名词就是马斯克对机器人使用的商业尝试，而venture是“商业冒险”，符合题意，因此选venture.
Peer Pressure Has a Positive side
A.Parents of teenagers often view their children's friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show. For example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.
B.In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner. then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14: older adolescents, with a mean age of 19, and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning. on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.
C.Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. "The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults. more likely to take risks, Steinberg and Gardner concluded.
D.Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowds influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain's keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.
E.In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues tuned to functional MRI(磁共振)to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.
F.The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red). But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information
G.The results: Teens who played the lowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. “What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they're on their own," Steinberg says. And this finding, could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.
H.Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect, suspects that the human brain is especially adept at learning socially salient information He points to a classics 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description). The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.
I.The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain's social network even—as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that “this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers."
J.If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are hyperattentive to social minutiae, who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their penchant for social drama is not-or not only -a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological神经的) sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.
K.Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfull compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely melancholy
Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.
L.And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. ""Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity," wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially risk averse at school—afraid that one low test score or mediocre grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing--as long as it happens in the classroom and not the car
36.【题干】It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking-up socially important information
【选项】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
【答案】
【解析】
37.【题干】It can be concluded from experiment that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth
【选项】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
【答案】
【解析】
38.【题干】Students should be told that risk mm classroom can be something positive
【选项】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
【答案】
【解析】
39.【题干】The mmm a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents' greater attention to social interactions
【选项】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
【答案】
【解析】
40.【题干】According to Stein he presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers' leaning
【选项】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
【答案】
【解析】
41.【题干】Teenagers parents are often concerned mm negative peer influence
【选项】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
【答案】
【解析】
PartⅣ Translation
56.【题干】
【答案】自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。如今，随着城市交通拥挤和空气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始流行起来。近来，中国企业家将移动互联网技术与传统自行车结合在一起，发明了一种成为共享单车的商业模式。共享单车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需用一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们骑车出行,很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的中国人也喜欢通过汽车健身。
【解析】Bicycles were once the most important means of transportation in China's urban and rural areas, and China was once called the "kingdom of the bicycle". Nowadays, with the increasingly serious urban traffic congestion and air pollution, cycling has become popular again. Recently, Chinese entrepreneurs have combined mobile Internet technology with traditional bicycles and invented a business model known as shared bikes. The emergence of shared bikes makes cycling more convenient. People are able to use shared bikes at any time with only a mobile phone. In order to encourage people to go cycling, many cities have built bicycle lanes. Now, more and more Chinese people also like to work out by cycling.
【考点】
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